Domino Physics Simulation

This example simulation shows how to use pybullet to render physics simulations in fury. In this example we specifically render a series of Dominoes which are under Domino Effect.

First some imports.

import itertools

import numpy as np
import pybullet as p

from fury import actor, ui, utils, window

# Next, we initialize a pybullet client to render the physics.
# We use `DIRECT` mode to initialize pybullet without a GUI.
client = p.connect(p.DIRECT)

# Apply gravity to the scene.
p.setGravity(0, 0, -10, physicsClientId=client)

Set the Number of Dominoes for Simulation.

number_of_dominoes = 10

# Base Plane Parameters
base_size = np.array([number_of_dominoes * 2, number_of_dominoes * 2, 0.2])
base_color = np.array([1, 1, 1])
base_position = np.array([0, 0, -0.1])
base_orientation = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1])

# Render a BASE plane to support the Dominoes.
base_actor = actor.box(
    centers=np.array([[0, 0, 0]]),
    directions=[0, 0, 0],
    scales=base_size,
    colors=base_color,
)

# half of the actual size.
base_coll = p.createCollisionShape(p.GEOM_BOX, halfExtents=base_size / 2)

base = p.createMultiBody(
    baseCollisionShapeIndex=base_coll,
    basePosition=base_position,
    baseOrientation=base_orientation,
)

p.changeDynamics(base, -1, lateralFriction=1, restitution=0.5)

We define some global parameters of the Dominoes so that its easier for us to tweak the simulation.

domino_mass = 0.5
domino_size = np.array([0.1, 1, 2])

domino_centers = np.zeros((number_of_dominoes, 3))

# Keeping all the dominos Parallel
domino_directions = np.zeros((number_of_dominoes, 3))
domino_directions[:] = np.array([1.57, 0, 0])

domino_orns = np.zeros((number_of_dominoes, 4))

domino_sizes = np.zeros((number_of_dominoes, 3))
domino_sizes[:] = domino_size

domino_colors = np.random.rand(number_of_dominoes, 3)

domino_coll = p.createCollisionShape(p.GEOM_BOX, halfExtents=domino_size / 2)

# We use this array to store the reference of domino objects in pybullet world.
dominos = np.zeros(number_of_dominoes, dtype=np.int8)

centers_list = np.zeros((number_of_dominoes, 3))

# Adding the dominoes
for i in range(number_of_dominoes):
    center_pos = np.array([(i * 0.99) - 5.5, 0.4, 1])
    domino_centers[i] = center_pos
    domino_orns[i] = np.array([0, 0, 0, 1])
    dominos[i] = p.createMultiBody(
        baseMass=domino_mass,
        baseCollisionShapeIndex=domino_coll,
        basePosition=center_pos,
        baseOrientation=domino_orns[i],
    )
    p.changeDynamics(dominos[i], -1, lateralFriction=0.2, restitution=0.1)


domino_actor = actor.box(
    centers=domino_centers,
    directions=domino_directions,
    scales=domino_sizes,
    colors=domino_colors,
)

Now, we define a scene and add actors to it.

scene = window.Scene()
scene.add(actor.axes())
scene.add(base_actor)
scene.add(domino_actor)

# Create show manager.
showm = window.ShowManager(
    scene, size=(900, 768), reset_camera=False, order_transparent=True
)


# Counter iterator for tracking simulation steps.
counter = itertools.count()

# Variable for tracking applied force.
apply_force = True

Now, we define methods to sync objects between fury and Pybullet.

# Get the position of base and set it.
base_pos, _ = p.getBasePositionAndOrientation(base)
base_actor.SetPosition(*base_pos)


# Calculate the vertices of the dominos.
vertices = utils.vertices_from_actor(domino_actor)
num_vertices = vertices.shape[0]
num_objects = domino_centers.shape[0]
sec = int(num_vertices / num_objects)

Syncing Dominoes

Here, we perform three major steps to sync Dominoes accurately. * Get the position and orientation of the Dominoes from pybullet. * Calculate the Rotation Matrix.

• Get the difference in orientations (Quaternion).

• Generate the corresponding rotation matrix according to that difference.

• Reshape it in a 3x3 matrix.

• Perform calculations to get the required position and orientation.

• Update the position and orientation.

def sync_domino(object_index, multibody):
    pos, orn = p.getBasePositionAndOrientation(multibody)

    rot_mat = np.reshape(
        p.getMatrixFromQuaternion(
            p.getDifferenceQuaternion(orn, domino_orns[object_index])
        ),
        (3, 3),
    )

    vertices[object_index * sec : object_index * sec + sec] = (
        vertices[object_index * sec : object_index * sec + sec]
        - domino_centers[object_index]
    ) @ rot_mat + pos

    domino_centers[object_index] = pos
    domino_orns[object_index] = orn

Here, we define a textblock to display the Avg. FPS and simulation steps.

fpss = np.array([])
tb = ui.TextBlock2D(
    text='Avg. FPS: \nSim Steps: ', position=(0, 680), font_size=30, color=(1, 0.5, 0)
)
scene.add(tb)

Set the camera for better visualization.

scene.set_camera(
    position=(10.46, -8.13, 6.18),
    focal_point=(0.0, 0.0, 0.79),
    view_up=(-0.27, 0.26, 0.90),
)

Timer callback is created which is responsible for calling the sync and simulation methods.

# Create timer callback which will execute at each step of simulation.
def timer_callback(_obj, _event):
    global apply_force, fpss
    cnt = next(counter)
    showm.render()

    if cnt % 1 == 0:
        fps = showm.frame_rate
        fpss = np.append(fpss, fps)
        tb.message = (
            'Avg. FPS: ' + str(np.round(np.mean(fpss), 0)) + '\nSim Steps: ' + str(cnt)
        )

    # Get the position and orientation of the first domino.
    domino1_pos, domino1_orn = p.getBasePositionAndOrientation(dominos[0])

    # Apply force on the First Domino (domino) above the Center of Mass.
    if apply_force:
        # Apply the force.
        p.applyExternalForce(
            dominos[0],
            -1,
            forceObj=[100, 0, 0],
            posObj=domino1_pos + np.array([0, 0, 1.7]),
            flags=p.WORLD_FRAME,
        )
        apply_force = False

    # Updating the position and orientation of individual dominos.
    for idx, domino in enumerate(dominos):
        sync_domino(idx, domino)
    utils.update_actor(domino_actor)

    # Simulate a step.
    p.stepSimulation()

    # Exit after 300 steps of simulation.
    if cnt == 300:
        showm.exit()


# Add the timer callback to showmanager.
# Increasing the duration value will slow down the simulation.
showm.add_timer_callback(True, 1, timer_callback)

interactive = False

# start simulation
if interactive:
    showm.start()

window.record(scene, out_path='viz_domino.png', size=(900, 768))